Ngokomshini ohlukile wokukhiqiza wama-lases we-infrared wegagasi elifushane, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamalaser we-infrared wegagasi elifushane, okuyi-semiconductor lasers, ama-fiber lasers nama-solid-state lasers.Phakathi kwazo, amalaser esimo esiqinile angahlukaniswa abe ama-laser esifunda esiqinile asuselwa ekuguquleni kwe-wavelength okubonakalayo okungelona umugqa kanye namalaser esimo esiqinile akhiqiza ngokuqondile amalaser e-infrared amagagasi amafushane asuka ezintweni zokusebenza ze-laser.
Ama-laser we-semiconductor asebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor njengezinto zokusebenza ze-laser, kanti ubude begagasi be-laser obuphumayo bunqunywa igebe lebhendi lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-semiconductor.Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi yezinto, amabhande wamandla wezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor angenziwa efanelana nohlu olubanzi lwamaza wamaza we-laser ngokusebenzisa ubunjiniyela bamabhendi wamandla.Ngakho-ke, amaza amaza we-laser we-infrared amaningi amafushane angatholwa ngama-lases semiconductor.
I-laser ejwayelekile yokusebenza kwe-laser ye-short-wave infrared semiconductor laser iyimpahla ye-phosphor.Isibonelo, i-laser ye-indium phosphide semiconductor enosayizi wokuvula ongu-95 μm inobude obuphumayo be-laser obungu-1.55 μm no-1.625 μm, futhi amandla afinyelele ku-1.5 W.
I-fiber laser isebenzisa i-fiber yengilazi engavamile njenge-laser medium kanye ne-semiconductor laser njengomthombo wepompo.Inezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana ne-threshold ephansi, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu, ikhwalithi ye-beam ephumayo enhle, isakhiwo esilula, nokuthembeka okuphezulu.Ingase futhi isebenzise i-spectrum ebanzi yemisebe ye-ion ion yomhlaba ukuze yakhe i-fibre laser eqhutshwayo ngokwengeza izakhi ezikhethiwe zokubona njengama-gratings ku-laser resonator.I-fiber lasers isiphenduke isiqondiso esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-laser.
1.I-laser yesimo esiqinile
Imithombo yezindaba ye-solid state ezuza i-laser engakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuqondile ama-lases e-infrared amagagasi amafushane ikakhulukazi i-Er: amakristalu e-YAG nama-ceramics, nengilazi ye-Er-doped.I-solid state laser esekelwe ku-Er:YAG crystal kanye ne-ceramics ingakhipha ngokuqondile i-laser ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane engu-1.645μm, okuyindawo eshisayo ocwaningweni lwe-short-wave infrared laser eminyakeni yakamuva [3-5].Njengamanje, amandla okushaya kwe-Er: ama-lasers e-YAG asebenzisa i-electro-optic noma i-acousto-optic Q-switching afinyelele emashumini ambalwa e-mJ, ububanzi be-pulse obungamashumi ama-ns, kanye nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda yamashumi kuya ezinkulungwaneni ze-Hz.Uma i-laser ye-semiconductor engu-1.532 μm isetshenziswa njengomthombo wephampu, Izoba nezinzuzo ezinhle emkhakheni we-laser active reconnaissance kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ze-laser, ikakhulukazi umthelela wayo oyimfihlo kumadivayisi ajwayelekile okuxwayisa nge-laser.
I-Er glass laser inesakhiwo esihlangene, izindleko eziphansi, isisindo esilula, futhi ingabona ukusebenza kwe-Q-switched.Iwumthombo wokukhanya okhethwayo wokutholwa okusebenzayo kwe-short-wave infrared laser.Nokho, ngenxa yokushiyeka okune kwezinto zengilazi ze-Er: Okokuqala, ubude begagasi obumaphakathi be-spectrum yokumuncwa yi-940 nm noma i-976 nm, okwenza ukupompa isibani kube nzima ukukufeza;Okwesibili, ukulungiswa kwe-Er glass materials kunzima futhi akulula ukwenza osayizi abakhulu;Okwesithathu, ingilazi ye-Er Impahla inezici ezishisayo ezingezinhle, futhi akulula ukufeza ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo kwemvamisa isikhathi eside, ingasaphathwa eyokusebenza okuqhubekayo;Okwesine, ayikho into efanelekile yokushintsha i-Q.Nakuba ucwaningo lwe-laser ye-infrared esekelwe ku-Er glass luhlale ludonsa ukunaka kwabantu, ngenxa yezizathu ezine ezingenhla, awukho umkhiqizo ophumile.Kuze kube ngu-1990, ngokuvela kwemigoqo ye-laser ye-semiconductor enamaza wamaza angu-940 nm no-980 nm, kanye nokuvela kwezinto zokumunca ezigcwele ezifana ne-Co2+:MgAl2O4 (i-cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), amabhodlela amabili amakhulu omthombo wepompo kanye nokuguqula i-Q. zaphukile.Ucwaningo lwamalaser engilazi luthuthuke ngokushesha.Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, imojuli yengilazi yengilazi ye-Er encane yezwe lami, ehlanganisa umthombo wephampu ye-semiconductor, ingilazi ye-Er kanye ne-resonant cavity, inesisindo esingeqile ku-10 g, futhi inamandla okukhiqiza iqoqo elincane lamamojula aphezulu angu-50 kW.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusebenza kabi okushisayo kwe-Er glass material, imvamisa yokuphinda yemojula ye-laser isephansi kakhulu.Imvamisa ye-laser yemojula engu-50 kW ingu-5 Hz kuphela, futhi imvamisa ye-laser ephezulu yemojula engu-20 kW ingu-10 Hz, engasetshenziswa kuphela ezinhlelweni eziphansi.
Ukukhishwa kwe-laser engu-1.064 μm nge-laser ye-Nd:YAG pulsed inamandla aphezulu afinyelela kumamegawathi.Lapho ukukhanya okuqinile okunjalo okuhambisanayo kudlula ezintweni ezithile ezikhethekile, ama-photon awo ahlakazeka ngokungaguquguquki kuma-athomu ezinto ezibonakalayo, okungukuthi, ama-photon amuncwa futhi akhiqizwe ama-photon ama-Low-frequency ngokuqhathaniswa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ezingafinyelela lo mphumela wokuguqula imvamisa: eyodwa iyikristalu engaqondile, njenge-KTP, i-LiNbO3, njll.;enye igesi enomfutho ophezulu njenge-H2.Zibeke endaweni eyi-optical resonant ukuze zakhe i-optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
I-OPO esekelwe kugesi womfutho ophezulu ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku-Raman evuselelwe ehlakaza ukukhanya kwe-parametric oscillator.Ukukhanya kwephampu kudonswa kancane futhi kukhiqize igagasi lokukhanya lemvamisa ephansi.Ilaser evuthiwe ye-Raman isebenzisa i-laser engu-1.064 μm ukupompa igesi enomfutho ophezulu we-H2 ukuze ithole i-laser ye-infrared yamaza amafushane engu-1.54 μm.
ISITHOMBE 1
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwesistimu ye-GV ye-infrared ye-shortwave isithombe sebanga elide ebusuku.Isibani se-laser kufanele sibe i-laser ye-infrared short-wave short-wave enamandla aphezulu, futhi imvamisa yaso yokuphindaphinda kufanele ihambisane nemvamisa yozimele wekhamera ene-strobed.Ngokwesimo samanje sama-laser we-infrared we-wave short-wave ekhaya naphesheya, ama-laser apuntshwa yi-diode: YAG lasers namalaser asuselwa ku-OPO asuselwa ku-1.57 μm solid-state yizinqumo ezingcono kakhulu.Imvamisa yokuphindaphinda namandla aphezulu we-miniature Er glass laser kusadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe.3.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-short-wave infrared laser ku-photoelectric anti-reconnaissance
Ingqikithi ye-short-wave infrared laser anti-reconnaissance ukukhanyisela okokusebenza kwesitha se-optoelectronic reconnaissance esebenza ebhendini ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane enemishayo ye-laser ye-infrared infrared, ukuze ikwazi ukuthola ulwazi olungalungile oluqondiwe noma ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, noma imbala. umtshina wonakele.Kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokunqanda ukubona i-laser ye-infrared infrared, okungukuthi, ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa kwebanga kusitholi se-laser ephephile iso lomuntu kanye nokulimala kokucindezelwa kwekhamera ye-short-wave infrared.
1.1 Ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa kwebanga kwesitholi selaser sokuphepha kwamehlo omuntu
I-pulsed laser rangefinder iguqula ibanga phakathi kwethagethi nethagethi ngesikhawu sesikhathi se-laser pulse eya emuva naphambili phakathi kwendawo yokuqalisa nokuhlosiwe.Uma umtshina we-rangefinder uthola amanye ama-laser pulses ngaphambi kokuba isignali ye-echo ebonisiwe yethagethi ifike endaweni yokuqaliswa, izomisa isikhathi, futhi ibanga eliguquliwe akulona ibanga langempela lethagethi, kodwa lincane kunebanga langempela lethagethi.Ibanga elingamanga, elifinyelela inhloso yokukhohlisa ibanga lesitholi sebanga.Ezintweni zokutholwa kwe-laser eziphephile emehlweni, ama-laser we-infrared pulse we-wavelength efanayo angasetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa kwebanga.
Ilaser esebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa kwebanga kwe-rangefinder ilingisa ukubonakaliswa okusabalalisayo kwethagethi ku-laser, ngakho-ke amandla e-laser peak aphansi kakhulu, kodwa izimo ezimbili ezilandelayo kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo:
1) Ubude begagasi be-laser kufanele bufane nobude beza obusebenzayo besitholi sebanga esiphazamisekile.Isihlungi sokuphazamiseka sifakwe phambi komtshina we-rangefinder, futhi umkhawulokudonsa mncane kakhulu.Amalaza anobude beza ngaphandle kobude beza obusebenzayo awakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni ezwela izithombe yomtshina.Ngisho namalaser angu-1.54 μm kanye no-1.57 μm anamaza wamaza afanayo awakwazi ukuphazamisana.
2) Imvamisa yokuphindaphinda i-laser kufanele ibe phezulu ngokwanele.Umtshina we-rangefinder uphendula isignali ye-laser efinyelela endaweni yayo ezwela izithombe kuphela lapho ububanzi bulinganiswa.Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo, i-pulse yokuphazamiseka kufanele okungenani icindezele esangweni le-wavefinder wave 2 kuya ku-3 pulses.Isango lobubanzi elingazuzwa okwamanje liku-oda lika-μs, ngakho-ke i-laser ephazamisayo kufanele ibe nemvamisa ephezulu yokuphindaphinda.Ukuthatha ibanga eliqondiwe lika-3 km njengesibonelo, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-laser ibuyele emuva naphambili kanye ngu-20 μs.Uma okungenani kufakwa ama-pulse ama-2, imvamisa yokuphinda i-laser kufanele ifinyelele ku-50 kHz.Uma ubuncane bebanga le-laser rangefinder lingu-300 m, imvamisa yokuphinda ye-jammer ayikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kuka-500 kHz.Ama-laser we-semiconductor kuphela nama-laser fiber angafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda.
1.2 Ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo kanye nokulimala kwamakhamera we-infrared we-short wave
Njengengxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yesithombe se-infrared yamagagasi amafushane, ikhamera ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane inobubanzi obunomkhawulo obushintshashintshayo bamandla okubona okuphendulayo womtshina wendiza egxilile ye-InGaAs.Uma isigameko amandla okubona edlula umkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi obuguqukayo, kuzovela ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala, futhi umtshina awukwazi ukwenza isithombe esijwayelekile.Amandla aphezulu Ilaser izodala umonakalo unomphela kumtshina.
Ama-lasers we-semiconductor wamandla aphezulu aqhubekayo futhi aphansi kanye nama-laser we-fiber anefrikhwensi yokuphindaphinda ephezulu afanele ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kokucindezelwa kwamakhamera we-short-wave infrared.Gcoba ngokuqhubekayo ikhamera ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane ngelaser.Ngenxa yomthelela wokujiya wokukhulisa omkhulu welensi yokubona, indawo okufinyelelwe kuyo indawo ehlakazekile nge-laser endizeni egxilile ye-InGaAs igcwele kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuthathwa njengesithombe ngokujwayelekile.Kuphela ngemva kokuba i-laser irradiation imisiwe isikhathi esithile, ukusebenza kwe-imaging kungabuyela kancane kancane kokujwayelekile.
Ngokwemiphumela yeminyaka eminingi yocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-laser esebenzayo yokulinganisa i-laser kumabhendi abonakalayo naseduze kwe-infrared kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza ngempumelelo kokulimala kwenkundla, ama-laser amafushane kuphela anamandla amakhulu ama-megawatts nangaphezulu angabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki ku-TV. amakhamera ebangeni eliqhele ngamakhilomitha.umonakalo.Ukuthi umphumela womonakalo ungafinyelelwa, amandla aphezulu we-laser awukhiye.Uma nje amandla aphezulu engaphezulu komkhawulo wokulimala komtshina, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukodwa kungalimaza umtshina.Ngokombono wobunzima be-laser design, ukuchithwa kokushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, imvamisa yokuphinda yelaser akudingeki ukuthi ifinyelele izinga lozimele lekhamera noma ngaphezulu kwalokho, futhi u-10 Hz kuya ku-20 Hz angahlangabezana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulwa zangempela.Ngokwemvelo, amakhamera we-infrared we-shortwave awahlukile.
Izitholi zendiza egxile e-InGaAs zifaka ama-CCD aqhunyiswa ngama-electron asuselwa ku-InGaAs/InP electron migration photocathodes kanye ne-CMOS eyathuthukiswa kamuva.Ukugcwala kwawo kanye nemikhawulo yomonakalo ilandelana ngobukhulu njenge-CCD/CMOS esekelwe ku-Si, kodwa ama-InGaAs/InP-based detectors awakatholakali.Ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kanye nedatha yomkhawulo we-CCD/COMS.
Ngokwesimo samanje sama-laser we-infrared we-shortwave ekhaya naphesheya, i-1.57 μm ephindaphinda i-laser solid-state laser esekelwe ku-OPO iseyinketho engcono kakhulu yokulimala kwe-laser ku-CCD/COMS.Ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu komkhathi kanye namandla aphezulu aphezulu i-short pulse laser Ukumbozwa kwendawo ekhanyayo kanye nezici ezisebenzayo ze-pulse eyodwa kusobala ngamandla okubulala athambile esistimu ye-optoelectronic yebanga elide efakwe amakhamera we-infrared wamaza amafushane.
2 .Isiphetho
Ama-laser we-infrared wegagasi elifushane anobude obuphakathi kuka-1.1 μm no-1.7 μm anokudluliswa komkhathi okuphezulu nekhono elinamandla lokungena kuhaze, imvula, iqhwa, intuthu, isihlabathi nothuli.Ayibonakali emishinini yendabuko yokukhanya okuphansi kokukhanya ebusuku.I-laser kubhendi engu-1.4 μm kuya ku-1.6 μm iphephile emehlweni omuntu, futhi inezici ezihlukile ezifana nomtshina ovuthiwe onokuphakama kwamaza okuphendula kulobu bubanzi, futhi isiphenduke inkomba ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo zezempi ze-laser.
Leli phepha lihlaziya izici zobuchwepheshe nesimo se-quo samalaser amane ajwayelekile e-infrared amagagasi amafushane, okuhlanganisa amalaser e-phosphor semiconductor, ama-Er-doped fibre lasers, ama-Er-doped solid-state lasers, namalaser asekelwe ku-OPO aqinile, futhi lifingqa ukusetshenziswa. kulawa ma-laser we-infrared we-short-wave ekuhloleni okusebenzayo kwe-photoelectric.Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zokulwa nokuhlola.
I-1) Amandla aphezulu aqhubekayo futhi aphansi aphindaphinda ama-phosphor semiconductor lasers kanye nama-laser e-Er-doped fibre asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhanyisa okuyisizayo ukugadwa kobuqili bebanga elide futhi kuhloswe ebusuku futhi kucindezelwe ukuphazamiseka kwamakhamera we-infrared esitha amagagasi amafushane.Amalaser e-high-repetition short-pulse phosphor semiconductor kanye namalaser e-Er-doped fibre nawo ayimithombo yokukhanya ekahle yokuphepha kwamehlo esistimu yamapulse amaningi, irada yokuthwebula nge-laser kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa kwebanga lokuphepha kwe-laser rangefinder.
2) Ama-laser asekelwe ku-OPO anezinga eliphansi lokuphindaphinda kodwa anamandla aphezulu ama-megawatts noma ngisho namamegawathi ayishumi angasetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-flash imaging radar, ekubukweni kwe-laser gating ebangeni elide ebusuku, ukulimala kwe-laser ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane kanye imodi yendabuko amehlo omuntu akude Ukuphepha kwelaser.
3) Ilaser yengilazi ye-Er encane ingenye yezikhombisi-ndlela ezikhula ngokushesha zama-laser we-infrared infrared eminyakeni yakamuva.Amandla amanje kanye namaleveli emvamisa yokuphindaphinda angasetshenziswa kuma-laser amancane okuphepha kwamehlo.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho amandla aphezulu efinyelela izinga le-megawatt, angasetshenziselwa i-flash imaging radar, ukubhekwa kwe-laser gating, kanye nokulimala kwe-laser kumakhamera we-short-wave infrared.
4) Ilaser ye-diode-pumped Er:YAG efihla idivayisi yesixwayiso ye-laser iyindlela evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwama-laser we-infrared wegagasi elifushane lamandla aphezulu.Inamandla amakhulu okusebenza ku-flash lidar, ukubonwa kwe-laser gating ebangeni elide ebusuku, kanye nokulimala kwe-laser.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, njengoba izinhlelo zezikhali zinezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-optoelectronic, imishini ye-laser encane nelula isiphenduke inkambiso engenakugwenywa ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini ye-laser.Ama-laser we-semiconductor, ama-fiber lasers nama-laser amancane anosayizi omncane, isisindo esincane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi Ama-laser engilazi e-Er asephenduke inkomba eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwama-laser we-infrared we-wave short-wave.Ikakhulukazi, ama-fiber lasers anekhwalithi enhle ye-beam anamandla okusebenza amakhulu ekukhanyeni okuyisizayo kwasebusuku, ukugadwa okuyimfihlo nokuhlosisa, ukuskena isivalo sesithombe, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokucindezelwa kwe-laser.Kodwa-ke, amandla/amandla alezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamalaser amancane nalula ngokuvamile aphansi, futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola zebanga elifushane, futhi awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwebanga elide kanye nokuphikiswa.Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kwentuthuko ukukhulisa amandla/amandla e-laser.
Ama-laser asekelwe ku-OPO anekhwalithi enhle ye-boom namandla aphezulu aphezulu, futhi izinzuzo zawo ekubukweni kwesango elikude, i-flash imaging radar kanye nomonakalo we-laser kusasobala kakhulu, futhi amandla okukhipha i-laser kanye ne-laser repetition frequency kufanele kukhuliswe ngokwengeziwe. .Kuma-laser e-diode-pumped Er:YAG, uma amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo enyuka kuyilapho ububanzi beshayela buye bacindezelwa, azoba enye indlela engcono kakhulu yamalaser e-OPO solid-state.Inezinzuzo ekubukeni kwesango elikude, i-flash imaging radar, nokulimala kwe-laser.Amandla ohlelo lokusebenza olukhulu.
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