Ingilazi ye-phosphate ye-Erbium (Er).ikhombisa izakhiwo eziningi ezizuzisayo, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo eminyakeni yamuva nje ye-Er: ingilazi ye-laser yezicelo njengeokubanzi njengokutholwa kwebanga le-laser, ukuxhumana kwebanga elide, i-dermatology, kanye ne-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).Ama-amplifiers e-Erbium fibre anika amandla ukuxhumana okushesha emhlabeni jikelele kukhebula ebonanayo phakathi kwe-Hong Kong ne-Los Angeles, Er: i-glass laser rangefinders iya ngokuya isetshenziswaizicelo zokuvikela kanye nokucushwa kabusha, futhiEr: ingilazi yobuhle belaserzithola amandlaukususa izibazifuthi ngishoukwelapha ukuqothuka kwezinweleokubangelwa i-androgenetic alopecia.
Lezi zikhala zohlelo lokusebenza ezikhulayo zidinga ingilazi ye-laser enembayo edinga ukubekezelelwa kwe-dimensional kanye nama-laser amandla aphezulu.Ukubekezelela okuqinile kunikeza abahlanganisi besistimu ukuzethemba kokuthi izingxenye zingafakwa kalula ezinhlelweni zabo ngaphandle kokuqondanisa okuchitha isikhathi, kodwa lokhu kucaciswa kuveza inselele kubakhiqizi bengilazi ye-laser.Ukulawulwa kwenqubo nokugxila ku-metrology kuyadingeka kubakhiqizi bengilazi ye-laser ukuze bakhe izingxenye ezidingekayo ezidingekayo endaweni ekhulayo ye-LAser Optics ye-NIR.
KUNGANI IGLASI YE-ERBIUM-DOPED?
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kuye kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe be-laser obusekelwe ku-phosphate ngokuya kwamandla okukhiphayo athuthukisiwe, ubude be-pulse obufushane, usayizi wesistimu oncishisiwe, nobude obusha bokusebenza kwamaza.Er:ama-laser engilazi ngokuvamile aphuma kumaza aphephile esweni angu-1540nm, 1550nm, noma 1570nm, azuzisa kakhulu ekutholeni uhla nakwezinye izimo lapho abantu bengase bachayeke emishayweni.Lawa maza amaza azuza ekudluliselweni okuphezulu ngomkhathi.I-1540nm futhi izwa ukumuncwa okuncane kwe-melanin, okwenza i-Er: i-laser yengilazi ibe sezingeni eliphezulu ekusebenziseni i-laser yobuhle ezigulini ezinebala elimnyama.
Umfanekiso 1. Izimo zamandla ze-erbium.Er:ama-laser engilazi ngokuvamile ampontshwa nge-laser engu-800nm noma engu-980nm futhi aphuma ku-1540nm noma ku-1570nm.
Ingilazi ye-Phosphate ifinyelela ekudluliselweni okuphezulu futhi ingafakwa ngama-athomu asemhlabeni angajwayelekile njenge-erbium ne-ytterbium ukuze ifinyelele ekuguquguqukeni kwabantu kanye ne-lase lapho ivezwe kubude bephampu obungu-800nm noma 980nm (Umfanekiso 1).I-Er: ingilazi ingase futhi imponswe ama-photon ku-1480nm, kodwa lokhu akufiseki ngoba ukusebenza kahle kungase kwehliswe ngokumpompa nokukhipha okukhuthazwayo okwenzeka kubhande leza leza elifanayo nebhande lamandla.[3]Izingilazi ze-Phosphate nazo ziyazuza ekuzinzeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nemikhawulo ephezulu yokulimala eyenziwe nge-laser (LIDTs), okwenza i-Er:glass nezinye izingilazi ze-phosphate ezifakwe emanzini zibe amakhandidethi afanelekile we-NIR laser azuze imidiya.
Izingilazi ze-Phosphate zinokuncibilika okuphezulu kwama-ion omhlaba angavamile kunezibuko ze-silicate, ezinokwakheka kwe-matrix eqinile.[1]Kodwa-ke, zifaka umkhawulokudonsa omncane kunezibuko ze-silicate futhi zine-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi zimunca umswakama omningi emoyeni.Ngakho-ke, zikhawulelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ku-bandwidth yazo nezinhlelo lapho zizovikeleka khona ngokwanele kumswakama ngezingubo noma amanye ama-optics.
UKUBEKEZELA OKUQINILE KANYE NOKULAWULA INQUBO
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ukutholwa kwebanga le-laser kwezinhlelo zokuvikela, ngokuvamile zidinga i-Er encane: izingxenye zengilazi ezinokubekezelelana okuqinile kakhulu.Lawa ma-slabs acwebezeliswe kahle engilazi ye-laser angase aphonswe emibuthanweni ngaphandle kokuqondanisa okuncane noma okungekho okudingekayo.Angakwazi ukufika kusayizi we-SIM khadi futhi ngokuvamile awafaki ama-bevel ngoba mancane kakhulu (Umfanekiso 2).Lokhu kwenza ukugoqa onqenqemeni kube lula.Ukuthola ukufana okuqinile kanye nokucaciswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kulezi zingxenye ezincane kungaba inselele emangalisayo.Imbobo ecacile, noma ingxenye yendawo ebonakalayo okufanele ihlangabezane nakho konke ukucaciswa, ngokuvamile icishe ibe ngu-100%, okushiya indawo encane yephutha emaphethelweni ezindawo ezibonakalayo.
Umfanekiso 2. Er:ama-slabs engilazi asetshenziselwa ukuthola ububanzi be-laser nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser ye-NIR ngokuvamile angusayizi we-SIM khadi evamile noma encane.
Pho kungani udlula kuzo zonke lezi zinkathazo?Izixazululo zangaphambilini zazivame ukubandakanya ama-subassemblies amakhulu ezingxenye zekristalu eziningi ezinamathiselwe kubha ye-Nd: YAG.Lezi zingxenye ezengeziwe zingafaka amapuleti e-Brewster, izibambisi ezigcwalayo zokushintshwa kwe-Q, noma amakristalu okuguqula imvamisa.Amakristalu okuguqulwa kwemvamisa abalulekile kusitholi sebanga noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivula umoya ngenxa yokuthi ubude begagasi obuphumayo be-neodymium buyingozi kakhulu kune-erbium futhi kufanele bushintshelwe kubude obude ngaphambi kokuba budluliselwe ngokuphephile ebangeni elide.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Rangefinder zivame ukuba nemfuneko yokushaqeka nokudlidliza, okwenza ukuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ndawonye kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izincazelo.Ukusuka kule miklamo emidala kuya ocezwini olulodwa, oluphucuziwe lwe-Er: ingilazi eyenza imisebenzi efanayo ngezingubo ezihlukahlukene zehlise usayizi wesistimu nezindleko.Amakristalu e-YAG avame ukusetshenziswa ku-engeli ye-Brewster, kodwa umphumela ofanayo ungafezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-coatings.Njengoba Er:ama-slabs engilazi adinga ukugcotshwa noma kunjalo, kuyazuzisa ukungeza kulolu hlobo lwe-coating ukuze upakishe ukusebenza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wonge izindleko kwenye indawo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izingilazi ze-phosphate zine-hygroscopic kancane, uma zingagcotshiwe Er: ingilazi ishiywe ngaphandle izinsuku ezimbalwa ingehlisa izinga.Ikhwalithi engaphezulu kufanele ilawulwe ngaphambi kokumbozwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umswakama ukuthi ungangeni engilazini.Izingubo ezifakwe endaweni epholishiwe ye-slab yokugcina yengilazi zisiza ukubavikela kulokhu konakala.
Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwe-Er encane, enembayo ephezulu: ama-slabs engilazi angu-<5 arcmin perpendicularity emaphethelweni, <10 arcsec of perpendicularity for the ends, kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu engcono kune-10-5 scratch dig.Lezi zicaciso ezidingekayo zidinga indawo ehlanzekile, izinqubo ezilawulwa kakhulu, kanye nesikhathi sokuthinta esincishisiwe.
Ingilazi ye-laser ivamise ukuba nezindawo ezimbili ezipholishiwe emaphethelweni kuyilapho zonke ezinye izindawo ziphansi, kodwa ezinye izinhlangothi zalezi Er: ama-slabs engilazi nawo ayapholishwa futhi abekezelelwa kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukuqondanisa.Ukukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangothi ezizopholishwa futhi zigcotshwe kuqala, yiziphi izinhlangothi ezizopholishwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokudayela, nokuthi uzosebenzisa nini ukupholisha ohlangothini olulodwa noma okukabili konke kunquma izindleko nenzuzo.Umehluko wesivuno phakathi kwenqubo engenalwazi kanye nenqubo elungiselelwe umkhiqizi onolwazi kalula ungaba mkhulu njengesici sokuthathu.
Ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokuthinta futhi uthuthukise isivuno, kuhle kakhulu ukuthi konke ukukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa kwenziwe endaweni eyodwa.Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ingxenye eqedwe kancane ithunyelwa phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene amathuba okungcola nomonakalo ayanda kakhulu, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe somugqa.
AMANINGI AMANDLA OKUPHEZULU-LIDT
Inselele eyodwa ekukhiqizeni ama-Er amancane ama-slabs okuthola uhla nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-NIR ezinembayo ukuthi izimbotshana eziningi zivame ukufakwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zengxenye.Lokhu kunzima ngenxa yokulungiswa okudingekayo nokuvikelwa kwezindawo ezihlanzekile ezingamboziwe ngaphambi kokumbozwa.Kuyinselele futhi kubakhiqizi ukuthi bagweme ukufafaza ngokweqile noma ukufutheka ngemuva kwe-slab, okumele ivikelwe ngesikhathi sokumbozwa.Iziphetho zinezimbotshana ezimelene ne-reflective (AR) ezinemikhawulo ephezulu yokulimala eyenziwe nge-lase (LIDTs).Amaphethelo aphinde abe nezingubo eziphakeme ze-LIDT AR ukuze kungene umsebe wepompo.Amandla epompo ahlala engaphezulu kunalawo okukhishwayo.Amanye ama-slabs anezinhlangothi ezine aze abe nezingubo ezengeziwe zezibuko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukubandlululwa kwe-wavelength, nokwenqatshwa kokukhanya kwephampu.
IMETROLOGY: UMA UNGAKWAZI UKUYIKALA NGEKE UWENZE
Ukunemba kokukhiqiza nokulawula inqubo akusizi ngaphandle kwe-metrology efanele edingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe kahle futhi kuqinisekiswe izicaciso ezibalulekile.Ama-laser interferometer, njenge-ZYGO Verifier, avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala ukuthi flatness, kodwa lapho kukalwa ama-Er:glass slabs amancane indawo engemuva iqala ukuphazamisa ukukalwa kwendawo engaphambili ngenxa yokucaciswa kokufana okufunayo.Ama-opharetha angakwazi ukuzungeza lokhu ngokugcoba uVaseline noma enye into endaweni engemuva, kodwa le ndawo idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi amathuba okulimala kwengxenye ayanda.Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva yokulinganisa ukucaba isusa imiphumela evela endaweni engemuva futhi ivumela ukukala kokucaba ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha futhi kungabi namathuba amancane omonakalo.Ama-chips emaphethelweni ama-slabs angavimbela opharetha ekulinganiseni ngokunembile ukuvuleka, okwenza ukulawulwa kwenqubo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kubaluleke nakakhulu.I-Perpendicularity ne-wedge ivamise ukuqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa i-double pass autocollimator.
Isikhala esikhulayo sokufaka isicelo sika-Er: amalaza engilazi azoqhubeka ephusha abakhiqizi bezingxenye ze-optical ukuze bakhe ingilazi ye-laser enembayo ephezulu nangaphezulu.I-1540nm kanye ne-1570nm yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser ephephile zisiza ukwenza ukusetshenziswa kuphephe, kukhuphule ukuzethemba ngezinqubo ze-laser yobuhle, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwebanga elide.Iseluleko esingcono kakhulu esitholakalayo ukuthi uma usungula uhlelo lwe-laser ye-NIR;xoxa ngezidingo zakho zohlelo lokusebenza nomphakeli wakho wengxenye ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuzulazula ekukhethweni okuguquguqukayo kwengilazi ye-laser efanele nezinye izingxenye.
Lesi sihloko sabhalwa u-Cory Boone, Unjiniyela Wokumaketha Wezobuchwepheshe Oholayo, u-Edmund Optics (Barrington, NJ) kanye noMike Middleton, uMphathi Wokusebenza, u-Edmund Optics Florida (Oldsmar, FL).
Olunye ulwazi lomkhiqizo, ungeza ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi yethu:
https://www.erbiumtechnology.com/
I-imeyili:devin@erbiumtechnology.com
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Isikhathi sokubuyekeza: Apr-01-2022
